Scientists Work to Build ‘Mini Sun’ in France, India Plays Key Role

New Delhi – Scientists from around the world are collaborating on a groundbreaking project in Cadarache, France, to build a nuclear fusion reactor that mimics the Sun’s energy production. The ambitious project, known as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), is expected to revolutionize clean energy production.

A Global Effort with Strong Indian Involvement

The €22 billion initiative is a joint effort of seven global partners – the United States, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, and the European Union. The goal is to generate limitless clean energy by fusing hydrogen atoms, a process that powers the Sun but remains difficult to replicate on Earth.

India is playing a significant role in the project, contributing ₹17,500 crore, which accounts for 10% of the total cost. In return, India will receive full access to the technology, making this the largest international science collaboration India has ever participated in.

India’s Contribution to ITER

One of India's biggest contributions is the world’s largest cryostat, a 3,800-tonne component that helps maintain the ultra-cold conditions necessary for the reactor. It was designed and manufactured by Larsen & Toubro in Gujarat. Additionally, various high-tech components have been supplied by Indian industries, reinforcing the nation’s expertise in advanced engineering.

The Promise of Fusion Energy

Unlike traditional nuclear power, which relies on splitting atoms (fission) and produces hazardous radioactive waste, fusion energy is cleaner and safer. It involves fusing hydrogen isotopes to create helium, generating enormous energy without harmful byproducts. Scientists believe that if successful, ITER will pave the way for commercial fusion power plants, significantly reducing global reliance on fossil fuels.

Challenges and Concerns

Despite India’s financial and technological contributions, there is concern over India’s low representation in the ITER workforce. While India is permitted to send up to 100 engineers and scientists, only 25–30 Indian experts are currently stationed at the project site.

Experts argue that hands-on experience is critical for India’s next generation of nuclear scientists, and current government policies limiting overseas postings may be hindering India's full participation.

Looking Ahead

With over a million components being assembled from 45 countries, ITER is one of the most complex scientific projects ever attempted. The first full-scale experiment is expected by 2035.

As climate change accelerates the need for carbon-free energy, projects like ITER offer a potential solution to the world’s energy crisis. India’s active involvement in this initiative could position it as a leader in next-generation nuclear energy technology.