How Trump's 'America First' Policy May Impact India-US Relations

Washington, D.C. – Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to the United States marks a crucial step in strengthening bilateral ties between India and the US. This “official working visit” makes Mr. Modi the fourth foreign leader to be hosted by the White House since President Donald Trump took office on January 20, 2025. Notably, this visit is among the earliest by an Indian Prime Minister in any US president’s term, reflecting the strategic importance of the relationship.

With President Trump’s “America First” policy taking center stage, analysts are closely watching how this doctrine will shape trade, immigration, and defense agreements between the two nations. According to John Lipinski, Director of Elections at NBC News, Trump’s strong emphasis on economic and immigration policies could significantly impact India. “Trump wants fair trade but also expects concessions, even from allies,” Lipinski noted, citing how Canada, despite its strong ties with the US, was not spared from tariffs.

Economic cooperation between the two nations is expected to take a new direction under Trump’s leadership. Anirudh Suri of India Internet Fund highlighted that policy decisions in Trump’s second term may be more influenced by economic interests from technology hubs like Silicon Valley, rather than traditional Washington policymakers. “This time, the relationship will hold stronger commercial value. Trump is keen on India purchasing more military equipment from the US, especially in the context of countering China,” Suri added.

Trade tensions have been a recurring theme in past India-US relations, with Trump previously describing India as a “very big abuser” in trade practices. His administration has imposed steep tariffs on steel and aluminum, impacting Indian exports. On the other hand, India has responded by reducing import duties on key US products, including high-end motorcycles and smartphone components, benefiting American corporations like Harley-Davidson, Tesla, and Apple.

Beyond trade, immigration policies will also play a crucial role. Trump’s crackdown on illegal immigration has led to a stricter visa regime, directly affecting Indian professionals, particularly in the IT sector. With Trump’s firm stance on restricting work visas and his focus on domestic employment, Indian tech firms and professionals may face challenges in securing long-term employment opportunities in the US.

Despite these challenges, Modi’s visit is viewed as an opportunity to reaffirm India-US strategic cooperation rather than address long-standing differences. Both nations share mutual interests in defense collaboration, regional security, and countering China’s growing influence in the Indo-Pacific region. Modi’s discussions with Trump are expected to focus on ensuring that trade and immigration policies align with long-term economic and strategic interests.

As the two leaders meet, the global community will be closely watching whether the “America First” policy strengthens or strains the evolving India-US partnership. While both nations acknowledge the necessity of collaboration, the nature of Trump’s approach could redefine the contours of their relationship in the years to come.