Sloth-Borne Virus Spreading Rapidly in Europe, Claims Lives of Young Adults

A debilitating virus originating from sloths and transmitted by midges has been reported in Europe for the first time, officials have confirmed. In June and July, Europe saw 19 imported cases of the Oropouche virus, as reported by the European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC). Spain accounted for 12 cases, Italy for five, and Germany for two.

Origins and Spread

The virus, known as Oropouche, is primarily spread through insect bites, including mosquitoes and midges. It originates from pale-throated sloths, non-human primates, and birds. Though previously confined to regions in South and Central America and the Caribbean, the virus has now made its way to Europe, raising concerns among health officials.

In 2024, specific outbreaks were recorded in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and more recently in Cuba. Of the cases recorded in Europe, 18 involved recent travel to Cuba, while one case in Italy involved travel to Brazil.

No Vaccine Available

Currently, there is no vaccine available for the Oropouche virus, which belongs to the same family of diseases as Zika virus and Dengue Fever. The lack of a vaccine has heightened concerns about the virus's spread, especially in areas where it is not typically found.

Dr. Danny Altmann, a professor of Immunology at Imperial College London, told The Telegraph, "We should definitely be worried. Things are changing and may become unstoppable."

Symptoms and Risks

Oropouche can cause symptoms such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, and muscle and joint pains, with more severe symptoms occurring occasionally. These symptoms typically subside after four days, and fatal outcomes are extremely rare. Recovery is common, but the recent deaths of two young women in Brazil, as reported by The Lancet on July 25, have raised alarms. These deaths are notable because the women had no underlying health conditions, making the cases particularly concerning.

Outbreaks in the Americas

Between January and mid-July, more than 8,000 cases were reported in Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Cuba. The spread of the virus to Europe marks a significant development, as it was previously confined to the Americas.

Precautionary Measures

The ECDC assesses the risk of infection for EU citizens traveling to or residing in epidemic areas as moderate due to the high number of cases reported in the Americas. European authorities have advised travelers to affected regions to use personal protective measures to reduce the risk of insect bites, both during outdoor activities and inside homes. This includes the use of insect repellent and wearing long-sleeved shirts and long trousers.

As the Oropouche virus continues to spread, health officials urge vigilance and precaution, especially for those traveling to or residing in areas where the virus is present.